The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) belonging to the Rutaceae family, is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large, sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. The flesh of the fruit is segmented and varies in colour from pale yellow to dark red. They are a citrus hybrid that was created through an accidental cross between the sweet orange (C. × sinensis) and the pomelo (C. maxima), both of which were introduced to the Caribbean from Asia in the 17th century.  In the past it was called the pomelo, but that term is now mostly used as the common name for Citrus maxima.

Grapefruit–drug interactions are common, as the juice contains furanocoumarins that interfere with the metabolism of many drugs. This can prolong and intensify the effects of those drugs, leading to multiple side-effects such as abnormal heart rhythms, bleeding inside the stomach, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and dizziness.

History and Origin

Grapefruit is a subtropical citrus hybrid that originated in Barbados in the 18th century, believed to be an accidental cross between the sweet orange and the pomelo. It was first called the "forbidden fruit" and was introduced to the United States from the Bahamas in the 1820s, where its cultivation later expanded significantly, particularly in Florida and Texas. 

Nutrient Database – USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

Reference Values for Nutrition – FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Boosts immunity - Grapefruit boosts immunity primarily because it is very high in vitamin C, an essential nutrient for immune function that stimulates white blood cell production to fight infection. It also contains other beneficial nutrients like vitamin A, zinc, and antioxidants that help protect cells and support the immune system.

Fights inflammation - Grapefruit helps fight inflammation due to its high levels of vitamin C and naringin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid. The fruit also contains fiber, which supports gut health and can reduce inflammation, as well as other antioxidants like carotenoids that protect against cellular damage.

Aids digestion - Grapefruit aids digestion due to its high fiber, water, and pectin content, which promotes regular bowel movements, helps prevent constipation, and feeds beneficial gut bacteria. It may also contain enzymes that can break down proteins, potentially helping to relieve indigestion and bloating. However, the fruit's acidity may cause digestive discomfort for some individuals, particularly those with Gerd.

Helps with weight loss - Grapefruit does not have special "fat-burning" properties, but it can support weight loss efforts because it is low in calories, high in water and fiber, and can help you feel full, which may lead to eating fewer calories. While some studies show a correlation between grapefruit consumption and weight loss, the most significant factor is likely consuming it as part of a larger, balanced diet and calorie-controlled eating plan.  It may also help regulate insulin levels, which play a role in fat storage.

Controls blood sugar - Grapefruit may help control blood sugar due to its low glycaemic index, high fiber content, and the presence of naringenin, a flavonoid that can improve insulin sensitivity. However, some medications, like statins and blood pressure drugs, can have dangerous interactions with grapefruit and grapefruit juice. Consult a doctor before adding grapefruit to your diet if you have blood sugar concerns or are on any medications, especially metformin, where juice can exacerbate side effects.

Supports heart health - Grapefruit supports heart health by providing potassium and fiber, which help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. It also contains flavonoids like naringin and hesperidin, powerful antioxidants that can improve circulation and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, grapefruit can interact with certain medications, so it is important to consult a doctor before consuming it if you take any drugs.

Good for your skin - Grapefruit is good for your skin due to its high content of vitamins and antioxidants, which promote collagen production, fight damage, and brighten the complexion. It can be beneficial for skin by helping to hydrate, exfoliate, and address issues like oily skin, acne, and dark spots. Vitamin C helps protect the skin from sun damage, inflammation, and premature aging.

May help prevent certain cancers - The antioxidants and plant compounds in citrus fruits like grapefruit have been linked to a reduced risk of some cancers.

Provides essential nutrients - Grapefruit provides essential nutrients like vitamin C, fiber, potassium, and antioxidants, which support immune function, heart health, and digestion. It is low in calories but rich in vitamins A and C, with a single half providing a significant portion of the daily value for both. In addition to vitamin C, it's a good source of vitamin A, potassium, thiamine, and folate.

Important consideration
Medication interactions - Grapefruit interacts with many medications by blocking enzymes in your digestive system that are responsible for breaking them down. This can lead to dangerously high levels of the drug in your bloodstream, potentially causing serious side effects. The interaction can also reduce the effectiveness of some drugs by interfering with their absorption. Medications affected include statins for cholesterol, blood pressure and heart rhythm drugs, anti-anxiety drugs, organ transplant medications, and others.

Grapefruit – From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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